Chandrayaan-3 is very important for India for long jump in space, eye on achievement of soft landing

Chandrayaan-3: India's third moon mission Chandrayaan-3 is to be launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota. Preparations for the mission are in the final stages. It will be launched on 14 July.

Chandrayaan-3: India is ready to take another giant leap in the space world. We are talking about Chandrayaan-3 mission. To implement this mission, the scientists of Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) are working hard day and night. This mission is associated with research activities related to safely landing equipment on the surface of the Moon and thereafter obtaining maximum information about the Moon, the only natural satellite of the Earth. Chandrayaan-3 is India's third mission to the moon.

Chandrayaan-3 launch on July 14

If all conditions are favourable, Chandrayaan-3 will be launched on July 14. In this way, ISRO has prepared a window between 13 to 19 July for its launch. According to Dr. S Sita, former director of ISRO's Space Science Program Office, the launch of Chandrayaan-3 will depend on wind and other conditions. Keeping this in mind, a week's time has been kept for the launch. However, if everything goes well according to the plan, Chandrayaan-3 will be launched on July 14 at 2.35 pm.

Spacecraft has been attached to the rocket:

Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft was attached to its new launch rocket LVM-3. ISRO scientists have done this work on June 5 at the Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. Under this, Chandrayaan-3 has been linked to LVM-3 (Launch Vehicle Mark-3). Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft completed its necessary checks in March this year. In this investigation, the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft had come true in testing the difficult conditions faced during the launch.

According to Dr S Seetha, Honorary Fellow, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Raman Research Institute, the lander will land on the soft surface of the lunar polar region, the rover will come out from it and start moving around on the lunar surface, after which the properties of the lunar surface will be studied. will observe. Some 'pay load' will also go with the lander. These instruments will do different experiments and investigations on the surface of the Moon.

'Science from the Moon' with 'Science of the Moon':

Chandrayaan-3 will have a propulsion module. It will carry a lander and a rover and it will enable them to reach the Moon's orbit. Under the Chandrayaan-3 mission, the equipment has been kept in two categories. According to ISRO, the scientific instruments mounted on the lander and rover were kept under the theme 'Science of the Moon'. Along with this, experimental equipment will study the Earth from the Moon's orbit. It will be kept under the theme 'Science from the Moon'. The lander in the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft is equipped with the ability to land easily at a specific place on the Moon. This lander will deploy the cover, which will carry out the work of chemical analysis on the lunar surface.

Through the equipment that will be sent under this mission, thermophysical characteristics of the upper layer of lunar rocks, information about frequent earthquakes on the Moon, plasma environment on the surface of the Moon and study of the composition of the elements near the place of landing of the equipment. Will be done. The scientific instruments on the lander and rover will be able to study different aspects of the Moon including its environment and thermo-physio properties. That is, along with 'Science of the Moon', 'Science of the Moon' is also associated with the Chandrayaan-3 mission.

First 15 days are very important for the mission:

One day on the Moon, the only satellite of the Earth, is equal to 29.5306 days on the Earth. According to Dr. Sita, the experiments will be done during one lunar day, which means it will take about 30 Earth days. He has also informed that after about 15 days there will be night and the temperature will drop to minus 170 degree centigrade or less. The situation will change in the next 15 days and after that nothing can be said about how much and what effect the cold will have on the lander. The initial 15 days will be very important for this mission. The purpose of this mission is to demonstrate the important technology related to landing the spacecraft on the south pole of the Moon. Under this mission, the lander has to be landed on the south pole of the Moon.

The objectives of the Chandrayaan-3 mission include 3 major things:

Demonstrating a Safe and Soft Landing on the Moon's Surface
Demonstration of the rover's trip to the moon
scientific experiments in situ

Glance at the achievement of the soft landing:

The primary objective of Chandrayaan-3 is to install a lander and rover in the highlands near the Moon's south pole and demonstrate end-to-end landing and roving capabilities by the August 2023 deadline. Landing of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon is done in two ways. In soft landing, the speed of the spacecraft is gradually reduced and landed on the surface. Whereas in hard landing, the spacecraft crashes on the surface. During the Chandrayaan-2 mission, we could not succeed in soft landing on the surface of the Moon.

To get information about the surface and atmosphere of the moon, scientists of the world have been engaged in carrying out missions related to the moon for a long time. India has also been engaged in this work for more than a decade and a half through its Chandrayaan mission. Chandrayaan-3 is the only mission after Chandrayaan-1 and Chandrayaan-2. This mission is very important for India.

This time India would like to achieve soft landing on the surface of the Moon through Chandrayaan-3. So far, only three countries America, Russia and China have been successful in soft landing on the surface of the Moon. India is trying to join this list through Chandrayaan-3.

Race to the moon:

In this way, many countries are engaged in the lunar mission, but in this matter too, India has a direct competition with China. China has also approved the fourth phase of its moon mission and will launch Chang E-6, Chang E-7 and Chang E-8 missions in future. China is also working on building a lunar research station. On the other hand, America and European countries are engaged in the mission of sending humans to the moon. Chandrayaan-3 mission is also very important for India from the point of view of the ongoing competition among all the countries of the world to reach the moon.

Journey of Mission Chandrayaan:

Chandrayaan-3 is the mission after Chandrayaan-2. Before that Chandrayaan-1 was successfully completed by ISRO. Chandrayaan-2 was India's second moon mission. In this, a completely indigenous orbiter, lander (Vikram) and rover (Pragyan) were used.

Chandrayaan-2 launch in July 2019

The indigenously developed Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft consisting of Orbiter, Lander and Rover was successfully launched on 22 July 2019 by the indigenous GSLV Mk III-M1 launch rocket. After that, on August 20, 2019, Chandrayaan-2 was successfully placed in the Moon's orbit. Under the mission, the lander 'Vikram' was separated from the orbiter on 2 September 2019.

After that, on 7 September 2019, an attempt was made to soft land the lander 'Vikram' on the surface of the south pole of the Moon. However, after a journey of 47 days, the lander Vikram was only 2.1 kilometers away from the surface of the moon, then its contact with ISRO was lost. Later, ISRO had informed that the picture received from the orbiter shows that Vikram Lander had a hard landing on the moon. There was no success in soft landing, but data has been continuously received from the orbiter of this mission.

Chandrayaan-2 had for the first time identified the presence of water on the lunar surface and brought India a proud and leading position on the global stage. This information was also given great importance by the major space agencies of the world including NASA of America.

Lunar mission started from Chandrayaan-1

About a decade and a half ago, in 2008, India achieved such an achievement in the field of space science, which only a few selected countries had. In the country's first lunar mission that year, a spacecraft was successfully inserted into the Moon's orbit. For the first time in November 2003, the Government of India approved ISRO's proposal for the Indian Moon Mission, Chandrayaan-1. About five years later, on October 22, 2008, Chandrayaan-1 was successfully launched. Chandrayaan-1 was launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Center, Sriharikota through the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle ie PSLV-C11 rocket. Chandrayaan-1 was India's first spacecraft mission beyond Earth's orbit. The altitude from which Chandrayaan-1 orbited the moon was lower than that before that no other country's spacecraft had orbited it.

Given below are the three-dimensional views of the Chandrayaan-3 module:

Chandrayaan-3 - Elements